How This Works
Cartalax (Ala‑Glu‑Asp) is classified among the Khavinson bioregulatory peptides—ultrashort peptides that may interact with DNA and modulate gene expression at nanomolar concentrations[1][4]. The peptide sequence corresponds to a motif found in the alpha‑1 chain of type XI collagen, a structural protein important for cartilage integrity[5]. In preclinical fibroblast and chondrocyte culture models, Cartalax has been reported to upregulate Ki‑67 (a proliferation marker), increase SIRT‑1/SIRT‑6 expression, reduce p53 and caspase‑3 activity (pro‑apoptotic signals), and inhibit MMP‑9 synthesis (an enzyme linked to extracellular matrix degradation)[2][3][6].
References
Neuroendocrinology Letters (2002)
— Khavinson VK. Peptides and Ageing. Overview of bioregulatory peptide development and geroprotective mechanisms.
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (2016)
— Lin’kova NS et al. Peptide Regulation of Skin Fibroblast Functions during Their Aging In Vitro. AED peptide effects on Ki‑67, CD98hc, caspase‑3, and MMP‑9.
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (2014)
— Khavinson VK et al. Peptides regulate the expression of signaling molecules in kidney cell cultures during in vitro aging (p53, p16, SIRT‑6).
Molecular Biology Reports (2020)
— Ashapkin V, Khavinson V et al. Gene expression in human mesenchymal stem cell aging cultures: modulation by short peptides.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2023)
— Linkova N, Khavinson V et al. Peptide Regulation of Chondrogenic Stem Cell Differentiation.
Advances in Gerontology (2020)
— Khavinson VK, Linkova NS et al. Short peptides: regulation of skin function during aging (collagen, SIRT‑1/‑6, MMP regulation).
PubChem
— Compound summary for Cartalax (AED peptide; CID 87815447): molecular formula C₁₂H₁₉N₃O₈, MW 333.29.
CDC
— Vaccine preparation: route (angle/site; no aspiration).
Advances in Research (PubMed)
— measurement factors and tolerability; practical volume considerations.
StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf)
— Medication routes of preparation; cautions for large single‑site SC volumes.
Bachem
— Handling and Storage Guidelines for Peptides (lyophilized and reconstituted stability).
NCBI Bookshelf
— Best practices for measurement (asepsis, preparation, and preparation).
